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album_CB3F6CB4_D6D0_D49B_41E8_935EED67F6CB_8.label = fb59ab33-0bdd-4928-949d-483870f8371e ### Video videolevel_42EA410D_76CA_2810_41D6_1DBCDC6A039E.url = media/video_CC1EC106_D670_4D87_41D2_C130C2E4A3F5_es.mp4 videolevel_42EA410D_76CA_2810_41D6_1DBCDC6A039E.posterURL = media/video_CC1EC106_D670_4D87_41D2_C130C2E4A3F5_poster_es.jpg videolevel_42EECC77_76CA_18FE_41DB_BDD058D15158.url = media/video_CDDD8B1B_D670_7D8D_41DB_3BDF61D401EE_es.mp4 videolevel_42EECC77_76CA_18FE_41DB_BDD058D15158.posterURL = media/video_CDDD8B1B_D670_7D8D_41DB_3BDF61D401EE_poster_es.jpg videolevel_42F40B40_76CA_3811_41C6_8D43C5EEBE95.url = media/video_EA8F8087_E4EB_448B_41E3_48F676526CC8_es.mp4 videolevel_42F40B40_76CA_3811_41C6_8D43C5EEBE95.posterURL = media/video_EA8F8087_E4EB_448B_41E3_48F676526CC8_poster_es.jpg videolevel_42E945B8_76CA_2871_41B8_EDF6B89F8055.url = media/video_F4ECE83B_E4EB_43FB_41DA_CD2A591BEC7F_es.mp4 videolevel_42E945B8_76CA_2871_41B8_EDF6B89F8055.posterURL = 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romano Label_FC9BB574_C11B_2613_41E6_FB7F5406436C.text = Torre del reloj Label_F614DA44_E4ED_478C_4194_D1039B4ACE65.text = Torre del reloj Label_D75BEC7F_E56B_7C7B_41E6_C4F75C0C54EA.text = Torre del reloj Label_F81B4C50_EA40_0E30_41D3_B30E8DAC10C8.text = Torre del reloj Label_FA3509A5_E53A_C48F_41E9_BF3785EAEC3F.text = Zonas Label_C1561319_E57D_4584_41E5_446C73A4A98F.text = del cementerio Label_C76A502A_D5B0_50E8_41CB_C13273849C9A.text = del reloj Label_C101858A_E51A_CC84_41AB_3C936F3887C4.text = homenaje Label_C0613B18_E56E_C584_41CC_A0D73128D7B8.text = islámico y el Label_C101C58A_E51A_CC84_41D8_CFD3C453F678.text = oriental Label_C76A202B_D5B0_50E8_41E0_58EF606CA692.text = oriental Label_C144DAFA_E51A_C484_41D5_7041340F2156.text = oriental Label_C0615B19_E56E_C584_41E9_ED66B246479B.text = oriental Label_C156C319_E57D_4584_41D7_15BABA5BC60E.text = oriental Label_C0610B19_E56E_C584_41E7_A861F24ED3F7.text = pozo Noria Label_C1446AF9_E51A_C484_41E7_48ECD5132D62.text = romano occidental 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El acceso romano occidental y el templo
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El aljibe islámico y el Pozo Noria
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El bastión del cementerio
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La alcazaba y la torre del homenaje
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La torre del reloj y la ladera oriental
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El Arco o Torre del Reloj es el acceso principal al castillo desde época islámica. Se trata de un conjunto defensivo de puerta en recodo, que podemos fechar en torno a los siglos XI-XIII y que está compuesto por una estructura en forma de L que protege los arcos de herradura de la puerta monumental.


Una de sus singularidades es la conservación parcial de la sebka, es decir, la decoración geométrica original, esgrafiada en el mortero que cubre la fortaleza, con un color ocre muy vivo que resaltaría en la distancia. En esta puerta se unen los caminos que vienen desde la costa y se dirigen al interior primero hacia Ronda y después hasta Córdoba.


En cuanto a la ladera se conservan los restos de las murallas defensivas desde época imperial hasta época islámica. La confluencia de tantos lienzos de muralla tiene que ver con el acceso oriental de época romana que se encontraría paralelo al acceso occidental, en la zona de más fácil acceso, por lo que requiere mayor protección. El otro aspecto de la conservación de estas murallas está en las arcillas deslizantes de Jimena de la frontera que provocan grandes movimientos de tierra, por lo que se mantienen estas muralla como muros de contención de las siguientes murallas.
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El aljibe es una gran construcción, principalmente parte subterránea aunque con las bóvedas sobre la superficie, de planta cuadrangular y con las naves orientadas de norte a sur. Conserva los arcos de medio punto en el interior, con muchas similitudes a los arcos de los Caños de Carmona de Sevilla. El aljibe se encuentra relacionado con el sistema de captación de agua perteneciente al enorme pozo excavado en la zona del acceso y las huellas de una noria de sangre en el mismo.


El pozo se encuentra excavado en el subsuelo del risco del castillo, atravesándolo hasta bajar más de veinte metros de altura, llegando a los niveles freáticos del rio Hozgarganta. Cuenta con dos arcos de herradura de más de cuatro metros y medio de anchura para colocar la noria. Hay que tener en cuenta que los arcos de herradura de la Torre del Reloj solo tienen dos metros y medio de anchura, lo que da una idea de la enorme obra de ingeniería que supuso la construcción de este pozo.


Hasta 1968 no hubo agua corriente en Jimena de la frontera por lo que para lavar la ropa los vecinos del Barrio alto, es decir los más cercanos al castillo, subían para usar el aljibe almohade como lavadero y espacio socializador de la villa.
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El castillo de Jimena, es un castillo extenso, lo que significa que en su interior albergaba una ciudad. La ciudad estaba protegida por un cinturón de murallas islámicas y una barbacana, es decir otro cinturón de murallas de origen tardorromano, siglo III d.C. En sus esquinas Norte y Sur se encuentran dos bastiones defensivos, donde residirían los defensores de la ciudad, especialmente en la época de la frontera entre cristianos y musulmanes. Al igual que la ciudad los bastiones están reforzados por torres cuadradas y tienen una forma tendente al pentágono, en ambas fortificaciones. La mayor diferencia es la construcción de una torre redonda a finales del siglo XV o principios del XVI que desde ese momento se convierte en símbolo de la ciudad.


En el bastión norte, se instala a partir del siglo XIX, el cementerio de la ciudad. Esto es debido a una pragmática real de finales del siglo XVIII, que prohíbe los enterramientos en el interior de las iglesias y ciudades. Se recomiendan lugares altos, bien aireados y soleados, lo que hace que los castillos abandonados desde hace mucho tiempo, se conviertan en los primeros candidatos para albergar estos espacios.
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En la ladera occidental que da al parque de los alcornocales, se conserva fosilizado el acceso a la “Acrópolis” romana de Oba. El conjunto alto imperial era una puerta sencilla, con una anchura de unos tres metros y medio, sobre una escalera tallada en la roca natural y que enlazaba con el camino principal que subía desde el rio hasta lo alto del cerro del castillo. En ángulo de 90º se situaba el basamento del templo que hacía las veces de plataforma de cimentación del mismo. El templo se situaba sobre esta plataforma de diez metros de altura duplicando el alzado del conjunto. El edificio era similar a los templos del foro de Baelo Claudia aunque de menor tamaño. Se trataba de un verdadero espolón de la cultura romana asomándose a la ciudad que tenía debajo y a las sierras circundantes.


Este acceso se mantiene hasta el siglo III d.C. momento en el que se transforma el espacio para una defensa efectiva, ya que el acceso del siglo I tiene más de monumental y de propagandístico que de bélico. Se adosa una torre al basamento del templo, desplazándose la puerta algunos metros hacia el norte y cerrando la antigua puerta con otra torre que se une al nuevo amurallamiento tardo romano. La puerta pasa a ser una puerta doble, con espina central similar a la de Colchester.
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Jimena Castle is a large castle, which means that inside it housed a city. The city was protected by a ring of Islamic walls and a barbican, that is, another ring of walls of late Roman origin, 3rd century AD In its North and South corners there are two defensive bastions, where the defenders would reside of the city, especially at the time of the border between Christians and Muslims. Like the city, the bastions are reinforced by square towers and have a shape tending to the pentagon, in both fortifications. The biggest difference is the construction of a round tower at the end of the 15th or beginning of the 16th century, which has since become a symbol of the city.


In the northern bastion, the city's cemetery was installed from the 19th century. This is due to royal pragmatics from the end of the 18th century, which prohibited burials inside churches and cities. High, well-ventilated and sunny places are recommended, which makes long-abandoned castles the first candidates to house these spaces.
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La Alcazaba del castillo, se encuentra situada en el bastión sur de la fortaleza, estando formada por un foso seco, dos plataformas defensivas, y la torre circular del homenaje. El foso es la primera defensa y está excavado en la roca natural. Es un foso seco, sin agua, de sección en V con un refosete o canalizo en su parte inferior para facilitar la limpieza del mismo. A mitad del foso se construyó una embocadura para colocar el puente levadizo que separaba el bastión de la ciudad.


Las dos plataformas sirven de comunicación para ascender en altura, desde el foso hasta la torre circular y están edificadas también parcialmente con un uso exclusivamente militar. En definitiva, sirven para delimitar el reducto en varios espacios y alturas independientes, fácilmente defendibles, aunque algunos de ellos hubieran caído en manos enemigas.


La construcción de la torre del homenaje se sitúa a finales del siglo XV o principios del XVI, con una segunda fase de rehabilitación en el siglo XIX, en el marco de la Guerra de Independencia. La base de la torre conserva un aljibe octogonal para resistir un asedio relativamente prolongado. Una primera planta sin ventanas que sería de almacén. Una segunda planta que sería la planta noble, con el acceso a la torre y ventanas a los cuatro puntos cardinales. Por ultimo tendríamos la azotea coronada por merlones y con al menos tres matacanes.
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On the western slope that overlooks the park of the cork oaks, the fossilized access to the Roman "Acropolis" of Oba. The upper imperial complex was a simple door, with a width of about three and a half meters, on a staircase carved into the natural rock and that linked with the main road that climbed from the river to the top of the castle hill. At a 90º angle, the base of the temple was located, which served as its foundation platform. The temple was located on this ten-meter-high platform, doubling the elevation of the complex. The building was similar to the temples of the Baelo Claudia forum although smaller in size. It was a true spur of Roman culture, looking out over the city below and the surrounding mountains.


This access is maintained until the third century AD, when the space for an effective defense, since the 1st century access is more monumental and propagandistic than warlike. A tower is attached to the base of the temple, moving the door a few meters to the north and closing the old door with another tower that joins the new late Roman wall. The gate becomes a double gate, with a central spine similar to that of Colchester.
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The Alcazaba of the castle is located in the southern bastion of the fortress, being formed by a dry moat, two defensive platforms, and the circular tower of homage. The moat is the first defense and is excavated in the natural rock. It is a dry pit, without water, with a V-section with a refosete or channel in its lower part to facilitate its cleaning. In the middle of the moat, a mouth was built to place the drawbridge that separated the bastion from the city.
The two platforms serve as communication to ascend in height, from the moat to the circular tower and are also partially built for exclusively military use. In short, they serve to delimit the redoubt into several independent spaces and heights, easily defensible, even though some of them would have fallen into enemy hands.


The construction of the homage tower is located at the end of the 15th century or the beginning of the XVI, with a second phase of rehabilitation in the nineteenth century, in the framework of the War of Independence. The base of the tower retains an octagonal cistern to withstand a relatively long siege. A first floor without windows that would be a warehouse. A second floor that would be the main floor, with access to the tower and windows to the four cardinal points. Finally we would have the roof crowned by merlons and with at least three machicolations
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The Arch or Clock Tower has been the main entrance to the castle since Islamic times. It is a defensive complex with a curved gate, which we can date to around the 11th-13th centuries and which is made up of an L-shaped structure that protects the horseshoe arches of the monumental gate.


One of its singularities is the partial conservation of thesebka, that is, the original geometric decoration, sgraffito on the mortar that covers the fortress, with a very vivid ocher color that would stand out from a distance. At this gate, the paths that come from the coast and head inland, first towards Ronda and then to Córdoba, come together.


As for the hillside, the remains of the defensive walls are preserved from the imperial to Islamic times. The confluence of so many sections of the wall has to do with the eastern access from Roman times, which would be found parallel to the western access, in the area of easiest access, which is why it requires greater protection. The other aspect of the conservation of these walls is in the sliding clays of Jimena de la Frontera that cause large earth movements, so these walls are maintained as retaining walls for the following walls.
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The cistern is a large construction, mainly underground, although with vaults above the surface, with a quadrangular floor plan and naves oriented from north to south. It preserves the semicircular arches inside, with many similarities to the arches of the Caños de Carmona in Seville. The cistern is related to the water collection system belonging to the huge well dug in the access area and the traces of a bloody wheel in it.


The well is excavated in the subsoil of the castle cliff, crossing it until it drops more than twenty meters in height, reaching the water table of the ozgarganta river. It has two horseshoe arches over four and a half meters wide to place the wheel. Keep in mind that the horseshoe arches of the Clock Tower are only two and a half meters wide, which gives an idea of the enormous engineering work involved in the construction of this well.


Until 1968 there was no running water in Jimena de la Frontera, so to wash their clothes the residents of the Barrio Alto, that is, those closest to the castle, went upstairs to use the Almohad cistern as a laundry room and a socializing space for the town.
## Tour ### Descripción ### Título tour.name = Jimena de la Frontera